Glenn Gillen

Another seemingly simple task, another trip down the Rust rabbit-hole to actually understand what's happening. It turns out there's two similar but different types of string: String and str. A gross oversimplification that I'm sure will make rustaceans cringe, but is sufficient for my hours-long understanding of how to use Rust: str is an immutable type, which you access via a reference (e.g. &str). A String is for when you know you'll want to own and mutate the string.

With that, we've already seen one way to concatenate string values in our previous exploration of reading and outputting environment variables. The println! syntax is using the format! macro's syntax:

fn main() {
    let a = "Hello";
    let b = "World!";
    let c = format!("{} {}", a, b);
    println!("{}", c);
}

Next up is to take advantage of that mutable String, by declaring a mutable variale and then pushing a new value onto the end of it:

fn main() {
    let mut a = "Hello".to_string();
    let b = " World!";
    a.push_str(&b);
    println!("{}", a);
}

We could also use the concat() method on an array:

fn main() {
    let a = "Hello";
    let b = "World!";
    let c = [a, " ", b].concat();
    println!("{}", c);
}

Or join():

fn main() {
    let a = "Hello";
    let b = "World!";
    let c = [a, b].join(" ");
    println!("{}", c);
}